Surah 112
Al-Ikhlāṣ
الإخلاص
4 verses · Meccan
Key structural observations
- Qul establishes transmission of received knowledge. Huwa introduces Allāhu aḥad; the Name returns in Allāhu ṣ-Ṣamad (1–2).
- Two verses affirm oneness and the perfection of aṣ-Ṣamad; the next two exclude lineage and an equal (1–4).
- Lam yalid and wa-lam yūlad repeat the same root in active then passive form, excluding offspring and parent (3).
- Three occurrences of lam carry the negations. The last verse places lahū before kufuwan and ends with aḥad under negation (3–4).
- Aḥad ends verses 1 and 4 with distinct functions: affirmed oneness, then exclusion of anyone who would equal Allah.