Surah 091

Ash-Shams

الشمس

15 verses · Meccan

Key structural observations
  • The oaths lead from the sun and its brightness to moon, day and night. Three uses of idhā accompany following, revealing and covering (1–4).
  • Three occurrences of wa-mā join sky, earth and soul to their formation. The formed soul receives inspiration of its fujūr and taqwā (5–8).
  • Two occurrences of qad affirm success and failure: purifying the soul or corrupting it. Thamūd’s account follows this opposition (9–11).
  • One individual rises; the messenger warns the group about the she-camel and her water; denial and the attack are then attributed in the plural (12–14).
  • The Lord judges because of their sin. Sawwāhā returns after destruction, echoing the soul’s formation; the final verse affirms the sovereignty of the divine act (7, 14–15).
Read the teaching

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

1

وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا

2

وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا

3

وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا

4

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا

5

وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا

6

وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا

7

وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا

8

فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا

9

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا

10

وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا

11

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا

12

إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا

13

فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا

14

فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا

15

وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا